Specify the header tags and their names to split on in the headers_to_split_on list as tuples.
Create an HTMLHeaderTextSplitter object and pass the list of headers to split on to the headers_to_split_on parameter.
from langchain_text_splitters import HTMLHeaderTextSplitter
html_string = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Header 1</h1>
<p>Text included in Header 1</p>
<div>
<h2>Header 2-1 Title</h2>
<p>Text included in Header 2-1</p>
<h3>Header 3-1 Title</h3>
<p>Text included in Header 3-1</p>
<h3>Header 3-2 Title</h3>
<p>Text included in Header 3-2</p>
</div>
<div>
<h2>Header 2-2 Title</h2>
<p>Text included in Header 2-2</p>
</div>
<br>
<p>Last content</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
"""
headers_to_split_on = [
("h1", "Header 1"), # Specify the header tags and their names to split on.
("h2", "Header 2"),
("h3", "Header 3"),
]
# Create an HTMLHeaderTextSplitter object to split the HTML text based on the specified headers.
html_splitter = HTMLHeaderTextSplitter(headers_to_split_on=headers_to_split_on)
# Split the HTML string and store the result in the html_header_splits variable.
html_header_splits = html_splitter.split_text(html_string)
# Print the split results.
for header in html_header_splits:
print(f"{header.page_content}")
print(f"{header.metadata}", end="\n=====================\n")
Header 1
{'Header 1': 'Header 1'}
=====================
Text included in Header 1
{'Header 1': 'Header 1'}
=====================
Header 2-1 Title
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-1 Title'}
=====================
Text included in Header 2-1
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-1 Title'}
=====================
Header 3-1 Title
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-1 Title', 'Header 3': 'Header 3-1 Title'}
=====================
Text included in Header 3-1
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-1 Title', 'Header 3': 'Header 3-1 Title'}
=====================
Header 3-2 Title
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-1 Title', 'Header 3': 'Header 3-2 Title'}
=====================
Text included in Header 3-2
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-1 Title', 'Header 3': 'Header 3-2 Title'}
=====================
Header 2-2 Title
{'Header 1': 'Header 1', 'Header 2': 'Header 2-2 Title'}
=====================
Text included in Header 2-2
Last content
{'Header 1': 'Header 1'}
=====================
Connecting with Other Splitters and Loading HTML from a Web URL
In this example, we load HTML content from a web URL and then process it by connecting it with other splitters in a pipeline.
from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
url = "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/goedel/" # Specify the URL of the text to split.
headers_to_split_on = [ # Specify the HTML header tags and their names to split on.
("h1", "Header 1"),
("h2", "Header 2"),
("h3", "Header 3"),
("h4", "Header 4"),
]
# Create an HTMLHeaderTextSplitter object to split the text based on the specified HTML headers.
html_splitter = HTMLHeaderTextSplitter(headers_to_split_on=headers_to_split_on)
# Fetch the text from the URL and split it based on the HTML headers.
html_header_splits = html_splitter.split_text_from_url(url)
chunk_size = 500 # Specify the size of the chunks to split the text into.
chunk_overlap = 30 # Specify the number of overlapping characters between chunks.
text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter( # Create a RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter object to recursively split the text.
chunk_size=chunk_size, chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap
)
# Split the text that was split by HTML headers into chunks of the specified size.
splits = text_splitter.split_documents(html_header_splits)
# Print chunks 80 to 85 of the split text.
for header in splits[80:85]:
print(f"{header.page_content}")
print(f"{header.metadata}", end="\n=====================\n")
a formula
Prf( , )
of number theory, representable in , so that
Proof:
x
y
[ ]
11
P
codes a proof of φ ⇒ ⊢
Prf( ,
).
n
P
n
⌈
φ
⌉
and
does not code a proof of φ ⇒
⊢ ¬Prf( ,
).
n
P
n
⌈
φ
⌉
Let Prov( ) denote the formula ∃
Prf( , ) .
By Theorem 2 there is a sentence φ with the property
y
x
x
y
[ ]
12
⊢ (φ ↔
¬Prov( )).
P
⌈
φ
⌉
Thus φ says ‘I am not provable.’ We now observe, if
⊢ φ, then by (1) there is such that
{'Header 1': 'Kurt Gödel'}
=====================
⊢ Prf( ,
), hence
⊢ Prov( ), hence,
by (3) ⊢ ¬φ, so is inconsistent.
Thus
P
n
P
n
⌈
φ
⌉
P
⌈
φ
⌉
P
P
⊬ φ
P
Furthermore, by (4) and (2), we have ⊢
¬Prf( ,
) for all natural
numbers . By ω-consistency ⊬
∃ Prf( ,
). Thus (3) gives
⊬ ¬φ. We have shown that if is
ω-consistent, then φ is independent of .
P
n
⌈
φ
⌉
n
P
x
x
⌈
φ
⌉
P
P
P
On concluding the proof of the first theorem, Gödel remarks,
{'Header 1': 'Kurt Gödel'}
=====================
“we can readily see that the proof just given is constructive;
that is … proved in an intuitionistically unobjectionable
manner…” (Gödel 1986, p. 177). This is because, as
he points out, all the existential statements are based on his theorem
V (giving the numeralwise expressibility of primitive recursive
relations), which is intuitionistically unobjectionable.
2.2.3 The Second Incompleteness Theorem
The Second Incompleteness Theorem establishes the unprovability, in
{'Header 1': 'Kurt Gödel'}
=====================
number theory, of the consistency of number theory. First we have to
write down a number-theoretic formula that expresses the consistency
of the axioms. This is surprisingly simple. We just let
Con( ) be the sentence ¬Prov( ).
P
⌈
0 =
1
⌉
(Gödel’s Second Incompleteness
Theorem) If is consistent, then Con( ) is not
provable from .
Theorem 4
P
P
P
Let φ be as in (3). The reasoning used to infer
‘if ⊢ φ, then ⊢ 0 ≠
1‘ does not go beyond elementary number theory, and can
{'Header 1': 'Kurt Gödel'}
=====================
therefore, albeit with a lot of effort (see below), be formalized in
. This yields: ⊢
(Prov( ) →
¬Con( )), and thus by (3), ⊢
(Con( ) → φ). Since ⊬ φ, we
must have ⊬ Con( ).
Proof:
P
P
P
P
⌈
φ
⌉
P
P
P
P
P
P
The above proof (sketch) of the Second Incompleteness Theorem is
deceptively simple as it avoids the formalization. A rigorous proof
would have to establish the proof of ‘if ⊢
φ, then ⊢ 0 ≠ 1’ in .
P
P
P
{'Header 1': 'Kurt Gödel'}
=====================
Limitations
HTMLHeaderTextSplitter attempts to handle structural differences between HTML documents, but it may sometimes miss specific headers.
For example, this algorithm assumes that headers are always nodes "above" the related text, i.e., in previous sibling nodes, ancestor nodes, and combinations thereof.
In the following news article (as of the time of writing), the text of the top headline is tagged as "h1", but it is in a separate subtree from the text element we expect.
Therefore, the text related to the "h1" element does not appear in the chunk metadata, but the text related to "h2" does, if applicable.
# Specify the URL of the HTML page to split.
url = "https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/25/weather/el-nino-winter-us-climate/index.html"
headers_to_split_on = [
("h1", "Header 1"), # Specify the header tags and their names to split on.
("h2", "Header 2"), # Specify the header tags and their names to split on.
]
# Create an HTMLHeaderTextSplitter object to split the HTML text based on the specified headers.
html_splitter = HTMLHeaderTextSplitter(headers_to_split_on=headers_to_split_on)
# Split the HTML page from the specified URL and store the result in the html_header_splits variable.
html_header_splits = html_splitter.split_text_from_url(url)
# Print the split results.
for header in html_header_splits:
print(f"{header.page_content[:100]}")
print(f"{header.metadata}", end="\n=====================\n")
CNN values your feedback
1. How relevant is this ad to you?
2. Did you encounter any technical i
{}
=====================
An El Niño winter is coming. Here’s what that could mean for the US
{'Header 1': 'An El Niño winter is coming. Here’s what that could mean for the US'}
=====================
By , CNN Meteorologist
Mary Gilbert
3 minute read
Published
4:44 AM EDT, Mon Septembe
{'Header 1': 'An El Niño winter is coming. Here’s what that could mean for the US'}
=====================
What could this winter look like?
{'Header 1': 'An El Niño winter is coming. Here’s what that could mean for the US', 'Header 2': 'What could this winter look like?'}
=====================
No two El Niño winters are the same, but many have temperature and precipitation trends in common.
{}
=====================
Setting up your environment is the first step. See the guide for more details.
